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- $Unique_ID{BRK03967}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Marcus Gunn Phenomenon}
- $Subject{Marcus Gunn Phenomenon Jaw-winking Maxillopalpebral Synkinesis Marcus
- Gunn Ptosis with jaw-winking Marcus Gunn Syndrome Facial Nerve Injury
- Marin-Amat Syndrome Inverse Marcus Gunn Phenomenon Oral-Facial-Digital
- Syndrome Faciopalpebral Synkinesis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 833:
- Marcus Gunn Phenomenon
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Marcus Gunn
- Phenomenon) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing
- to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Jaw-winking
- Maxillopalpebral Synkinesis
- Marcus Gunn Ptosis (with jaw-winking)
- Marcus Gunn (Jaw-Winking) Syndrome
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Facial Nerve Injury
- Marin-Amat Syndrome (Inverse Marcus Gunn Phenomenon)
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
- Faciopalpebral Synkinesis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Marcus Gunn Phenomenon is a rare genetic disorder that is usually present
- at birth. Major symptoms include the upper eyelid of one eye raising rapidly
- upon movement of the jaw. This disorder can be corrected with surgery.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The upper eyelid of one eye droops in most patients with Marcus Gunn
- Phenomenon. The major symptom of this disorder is that upon movement of the
- lower jaw, the eyelid of the affected eye involuntarily and rapidly raises,
- causing the eye to open wider. This first becomes apparent soon after the
- baby is born when, during feeding, sucking causes the eyelid to move up and
- down. In some patients, one eye may be either crossed or looking away; i.e.,
- deviates in a different direction from the normal eye (strabismus), or one
- eye may have better sight than the other. Other eye problems (anisometropia,
- superior rectus muscle palsy) may also be present.
-
- Causes
-
- Marcus Gunn Phenomenon may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received
- from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other
- normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of
- transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Marcus Gunn Phenomenon is a rare genetic disorder present at birth. It
- affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Marcus Gunn Phenomenon may occur in conjunction with certain other eye
- disorders such as Duane Syndrome, or possibly Retinitis Pigmentosa. (For
- more information on these disorders, choose "Duane," or "Retinitis
- Pigmentosa" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Certain types of injury to the facial nerve may produce symptoms similar
- to Marcus Gunn Phenomenon.
-
- Marin-Amat Syndrome is similar to Marcus Gunn Phenomenon except that the
- eye closes, rather than opens wider, when the jaw moves to open the mouth.
- This disorder is also referred to as "Inverse Marcus Gunn Phenomenon."
-
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. In patients
- with Type III of this syndrome, upon movement of the lower jaw the eyelid
- involuntarily and rapidly raises, causing the eye to open wider (jaw-
- winking). More than the normal number of teeth are usually present. Other
- major symptoms may include disturbances involving the nervous and muscle
- (neuromuscular) systems, congenital (present at birth) malformations such as
- cleft palate, other facial deformities, malformation of the hands and
- feet, shortened limbs and various degrees of mental retardation. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Oral-Facial-Digital" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Faciopalpebral Synkinesis is a rare disorder characterized by the upper
- eyelid of one eye raising when the individual smiles.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Surgery can correct the eyelid abnormalities of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon.
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families. Other
- related eye problems such as strabismus, amblyopia, etc., can be corrected
- with eyeglasses, surgery and/or drugs.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Scientists are trying to identify the gene that causes Marcus Gunn
- Phenomenon. Research and genetic studies are ongoing.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Marcus Gunn Phenomenon, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1990. Pp. 599.
-
- AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES IN MARCUS GUNN PTOSIS. D. J. Creel, et
- al.; Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Jul 1984; issue 59 (4)). Pp. 341-
- 344.
-
- LEVATOR SLING FOR MARCUS GUNN PTOSIS. S. M. Betharia and S. Kumar; Br J
- Ophthalmol (Sep 1987; issue 71 (9)). Pp. 685-689.
-
- THE MARCUS GUNN PHENOMENON. A REVIEW OF 71 CASES. S. G. Pratt, et al.;
- Ophthalmology (Jan 1984; issue 91 (1)). Pp. 27-30.
-
-